Joe, Your article, The Age of Jupiter, helped me clear up a misunderstanding I had about protoplanetary disks. Years ago when I first read about protoplanetary disks and saw this picture http://www.seds.org/hst/OrionProplyds.html I failed to grasp that there was a star inside the dense pollywog nebula there. I thought it was a protoplanet on it’s way to star formation but the nearby star (not seen) was blasting away much of its material preventing it from completing it’s course to becoming a star and hence causing the pollywog formation. I see now that I missed the point because there was more going on than I realized. Had the pollywog been a round flat disk I may have seen what was really going on there. Funny, you write a nice article about Jupiter and I learn about pollywogs. You have some weird readers Joe. Jim