Hi All, I think there are a few more misconceptions of the expanding universe. Superclusters of Galaxies also seem to have unique motions within their systems as well. As mentioned, this is why the Andromeda Galaxy is racing towards us, it is affected by something else than the force that is believed to have caused expansion (big bang). There seem to be unknown forces that act against forces causing expansion. Is our Sun expanding? Not currently, and when it does it will because it is exhausting its fuel. That every motion is towards expansion is a misconception. Yes, new postulates (expanding earth is a postulate not a theory) are often meet with more than skepticism until they are paired with good observation. When the postulates have been confirmed by many observations and people they become theories. I think theories and postulates are often confused, theories are challenged by postulates. Erik