[math-fun] Correction to solid angles yet again
I blathered: We can dissect a regular n-gonal pyramid of height h and base circumradius r into n congruent tetrahedra with trihedral components v, v, and 2 asin(sin(v) sin(pi/n)), where v = atan(r/h), i.e., half the apex angle. This gives, after much simplification, two expressions for the solid angle of the apex: 2 %pi 2 %pi 2 %pi 2 cos (---) (2 sin (---) cos(v) + cos(-----)) n n n (d3) n acos(--------------------------------------------- 2 %pi 2 2 %pi sin (---) cos (v) + cos (---) n n 2 %pi - cos(-----)) n n = acos((- 1) n - 1 /===\ 2 %pi 2 | | %pi %pi k 2 2 cot (---) n | | (cos(v) + cot(---) cot(-----)) n | | n n k = 1 (1 - ------------------------------------------------------)) 2 2 %pi n (cos (v) + cot (---)) n Shame on me. The product over a half-period of a polynomial in trigs of angles in arithmetic progression always simplifies, in this case, mondomiraculously: n 2 %pi acos((- 1) (1 - 2 sin (n acot(tan(---) cos(v))))) (!) n The (-1)^n looks very strange. But only because I'm losing it. 1-2 sin^2 x = cos 2x, and simplification continues to an incredible 2 n atan (cos(v) tan(pi/n)), which is wrong, because the rhs(d3) takes the wrong branch when cos v < 1/(1+sec pi/n) = (1-tan^2 2pi/n)/2. It's obviously wrong, since the answer needs to approach 2 pi for small cos v, but acos is normally limited to pi. So, fresh start: the solid angle at the apex of a regular n-gonal pyramid with slant edges 1 and height h is 2 2 (h t - h t + t + 1) (h t + h t - t + 1) n acos(-----------------------------------------) 2 2 2 (t + 1) (h t + 1) n - 1 pi k /===\ cot ---- 2 | | n 2 2 n | | (--------- + h) | | t n k = 1 = acos((- 1) (1 - -----------------------------)) 1 2 n 2 (-- + h ) t 2 t = 2 pi - 2 n atan(h t), where t = tan pi/n, but explement the middle term (2 pi - acos) when x< 1/(1+sec pi/n). There must be some obvious insight for the incredibly simple rhs. --rwg <explement deleted>, but there is a brief CO2 remark at gosper.org/co2.txt
On 7/13/07, Bill Gosper <gosper@alum.mit.edu> wrote:
... So, fresh start: the solid angle at the apex of a regular n-gonal pyramid with slant edges 1 and height h ... = 2 pi - 2 n atan(h t),
where t = tan pi/n, but explement the middle term (2 pi - acos) when x< 1/(1+sec pi/n). There must be some obvious insight for the incredibly simple rhs.
This looks suspiciously like the area formula for the dual spherical polygon: this has angles and sides corresponding to the sides and angles of the of the original polygon (whose angles corrspond to dihedral angles, and sides to apical angles). See Todhunter. WFL
On 7/14/07, Fred lunnon <fred.lunnon@gmail.com> wrote:
... This looks suspiciously like the area formula for the dual spherical polygon: this has angles and sides corresponding to the sides and angles of the of the original polygon (whose angles corrspond to dihedral angles, and sides to apical angles). See Todhunter. WFL
I ought to have mentioned that if a spherical triangle has sides a,b,c and angles A,B,C, then its dual is the triangle with sides \pi - A, \pi - B, \pi - C, and angles \pi - a, \pi - b, \pi - c. There is a neat construction relating the two, which I can never remember how to do ... WFL
On 7/14/07, Fred lunnon <fred.lunnon@gmail.com> wrote
I ought to have mentioned that if a spherical triangle has sides a,b,c and angles A,B,C, then its dual is the triangle with sides \pi - A, \pi - B, \pi - C, and angles \pi - a, \pi - b, \pi - c.
There is a neat construction relating the two, which I can never remember how to do ...
I am indebted to two Russian gentlemen by the name of A. Zaslavskiy and M. Skopenkov for the reminder that the dual triangle is "a triangle such that the vectors pointing to its vertices are orthogonal to the planes containing the sides of the initial triangle". Y'know, Bill, I rather think everybody else must have gone on vacation. Bill? WFL
participants (2)
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Bill Gosper -
Fred lunnon