Re: [math-fun] Average distance on the unit sphere puzzle
But it's really OK, because we're comparing something like an epsilon neighborhood of the North pole to an epsilon neighborhood of the equator. Even on a 2-sphere the equatorial neighborhood is much bigger. But to sketch a proof of the answer, I used the fact that the average distance can be rigorously calculated as D(n) = 2^n gamma((n+1)/2)^2 / (sqrt(pi) gamma(n+1/2)) and then Stirling's approximation gives lim D(n) = sqrt(2). n—>oo However, this is like the ultimate brute force proof! Is there a far more elegant way to prove this rigorously? —Dan From: Allan Wechsler ----- That is disturbing, isn't it? I still think what I said is true. If you pick any unit vector in N-space as a reference, my intuition is that the dot product of a second, randomly chosen unit vector with the reference vector will follow a distribution more and more tightly centered on 0 as N increases. If this is true, then as Dan points out, for a large enough N, even if you pick a bunch of k different reference vectors, the random vector will tend to be near 90 degrees away from all of them. It may be that N has to increase dramatically to accommodate small increases in k, though. I don't think there is a logical contradiction here. Or my intuition may be completely misguided. Trouble is, there are so many equators ... —Dan ----- ... almost all the hypervolume is near the equator. ----- -----
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Dan Asimov