Thane writes:

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If being a criminal means being put in jail, that casts a pretty wide net.

Bertrand Russell jailed for opposing the First World War
Andre Weil jailed in Finland as a spy, almost executed
Galois jailed for threatening the King, (found 'not guilty' )
Fourier jailed in French Revolution
>>

Also Felix Bloch, most known for his work in complex variables, who shot and killed three people. Can't recall whether he was put in jail or a mental institution, but I think he remained incarcerated for the rest of his life.)

(Not to mention a number contemporary mathematicians who were jailed for civil disobedience protesting the Vietnam War.)

--Dan

--Dan