I'll pose a slightly different question -- how would a group of physicists assure a 50/50 outcome? One might use a light source and two detectors, one generating 0's the other 1's. But there will be some slight difference in detector sensitivity. You will have to set a spec, like 51/49 or better, and then tweak the experiment. -- Gene On Wednesday, May 31, 2017, 2:30:10 PM PDT, Dan Asimov <asimov@msri.org> wrote:You have to perform a random binary experiment in front of a crowd of people — so no fooling is allowed — in such a way that everyone is convinced that the experiment was fair. The people include some technical experts but many who are not. What is the simplest / easiest / cheapest way to ensure that the crowd will be convinced that the experiment was fair (the two outcomes had an equal chance of occurring) ??? —Dan P.S. I do not have an answer to this, but maybe there is a "best" answer. _______________________________________________