Dear Hal, Thank you but I'm almost constantly using the Evolver/Explorer (with left hand's middle and ring fingers stuck on F2 and F3 constantly). By the line you cited I meant the effect of the formula, that is controlled by that given real(p5) parameter. In fact, it accepts only integers larger than 1 there, what isn't really good for the Evolver/Explorer. What I really meant was the effect of the formula, how it raises the "complexity" of the c variable and what it creates by doing so. I posted because I didn't succeeded in finding some other explanations for this phenomena other than my own and wished to see if others might know something about it (by some formula that seemingly turns one fractal to another one through similar means, or anything else) becasue I always wanted to understand it better. Have a nice day B.D.