Hi, For background, see this github discussion message: <https://github.com/LegalizeAdulthood/iterated-dynamics/discussions/300#discussioncomment-13510921> I haven't tried these out in FRACTINT yet, so I thought I'd ask here and maybe someone would know :) 1. Can an assignment operator be used in a sub-expression? e.g. is 'q=4+(w=6)/2' valid syntax? If so, what are the values of q and w afterwards? My expectation is yes, this is be valid syntax and the values should be q=7 and w=6. 2. Do the logical operators && and || have "short-circuit" behavior like they do in C/C++? My expectation is yes, meaning that e is unevaluated in the expressions '0 && e' and '1 || e'. No assignment expressions in e change variables, no values in the expression e are computed. Also, I note that the use of \ to continue a single logical statement across multiple physical lines doesn't appear to be documented for the formula type, although it's used in plenty of .frm files. Cheers, -- Richard -- "The Direct3D Graphics Pipeline" free book <http://tinyurl.com/d3d-pipeline> The Terminals Wiki <http://terminals-wiki.org> The Computer Graphics Museum <http://ComputerGraphicsMuseum.org> Legalize Adulthood! (my blog) <http://LegalizeAdulthood.wordpress.com>